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- WORLD, Page 46AMERICA ABROADGlued to the Tube
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- By Strobe Talbott
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- In the totalitarian world of Nineteen Eighty-Four, George
- Orwell imagined that the Thought Police would rely on a
- ubiquitous "oblong metal plaque like a dulled mirror" to keep
- the citizens of Oceania brainwashed and obedient: "The
- instrument (the television, it was called) could be dimmed, but
- there was no way of shutting it off completely." That prophecy
- turned out spectacularly wrong. TV, along with radio,
- computers, modems, copiers and fax machines, caused big trouble
- for Big Brother in 1989. Once the more repressive precincts of
- the global village were wired for glasnost, legions of little
- brothers whispered subversion in everyone's ear.
-
- What has been called the third industrial revolution, the
- transformation of society by high technology and mass
- communications, has made it possible to infiltrate competing
- images of reality across borders. "Terrestrial overspill"
- allowed East Germans to watch West German TV, tempting them
- with what they saw advertised. Young Estonians have learned
- idiomatic American English from reruns of Dynasty shown in
- neighboring Finland.
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- When communism began to self-destruct last year, TV
- journalists did more than just report the phenomenon -- they
- participated in it. The presence of foreign cameramen seemed
- to embolden the demonstrators. Once the Chinese authorities
- decided to shed blood, they literally pulled the plug on
- television coverage. Rumania's Nicolae Ceausescu also kept the
- press out of his country while he slaughtered its citizens. Not
- until TV aired footage of his lifeless body were many Rumanians
- convinced that the despot had really been executed.
-
- The blank screen is a license to kill. After the Tiananmen
- Square massacre, China's regime implicitly acknowledged its
- vulnerability to short waves by singling out the Voice of
- America for charges of slander and fabrication. In fact, the
- VOA had broadcast the truth back into the People's Republic,
- jamming the Big Lie.
-
- David Webster, a former director of the BBC and now a senior
- fellow of the Annenberg Washington Program on Communications
- Policy, calls high-tech informagear "the essential hardware of
- freedom." He rightly urges the U.S. to ease restrictions on the
- export of such equipment to communist lands, since it will
- serve the ruled better than the rulers.
-
- While the collapse of communism made for some great visuals
- in '89, it is worth remembering that the third industrial
- revolution can cut both ways, complicating the lives of
- American Presidents as well as communist leaders. To the fury
- of Lyndon Johnson, TV brought the Viet Nam War home to the U.S.
- and hastened its humiliating end. Some former advisers to
- Ronald Reagan suspect he might have stuck by Ferdinand Marcos
- in 1986 had it not been for the extensive and sympathetic
- coverage of People Power.
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- But most of the signals with which the U.S. bombards the
- planet transmit not news but pop culture. Hollywood has more
- influence on the Third World than does Washington. The barrios
- of Latin America bristle with antennas. There are VCRs in rural
- India, satellite dishes around the slums of the Caribbean and
- in northern Mexico. In some parts of the world, the poor and
- desperate can ponder the life-styles of the rich and silly on
- Dynasty. The experience teaches viewers more than English. It
- can make for an explosive combination of envy, hatred and
- determination to break out of wretched surroundings, or to burn
- them down.
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- Everywhere on earth, tantalizing, sometimes infuriating
- images keep coming from that oblong metal plaque. But Orwell
- was right about one thing: there is no way of shutting it off.
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